HVAC Cost in Minneapolis: 2026 Local Pricing Guide

Last updated: March 2026

$71 – $238
Minneapolis HVAC service call
Estimated ranges based on national averages. Actual costs vary by provider, location, and scope of work.

Minneapolis HVAC Cost Overview

Minneapolis homeowners face HVAC costs that are structured differently from most of the country. While base service rates run about 5% below the national average (reflecting Midwest labor markets), total annual HVAC spending in Minneapolis is among the highest in the nation because heating accounts for 70% or more of total costs. When temperatures routinely drop below zero and the heating season stretches from October through April, furnace reliability and efficiency become the dominant financial considerations.

The Twin Cities metro area experiences some of the most extreme temperature swings of any major U.S. city. Winter lows of minus 10 to minus 30 degrees Fahrenheit are not unusual, while summer highs can reach the mid-90s. This 120-degree annual temperature range means HVAC systems work hard in both directions, though heating demand vastly outweighs cooling demand in terms of both runtime hours and total energy cost.

This guide breaks down what Minneapolis homeowners pay for every major HVAC service in 2026, with particular emphasis on heating costs, furnace efficiency, boiler systems, and the emerging viability of cold-climate heat pumps. All prices reflect local labor rates and the Midwest regional pricing environment.

Service Call and Diagnostic Fees

A standard HVAC service call in Minneapolis costs $71 to $238. This covers a technician's visit and a diagnostic evaluation of your system. During the heating season (October through March), demand for service calls increases significantly, and some contractors charge a winter premium of $25 to $75 on top of the standard rate for non-emergency visits.

At the lower end, $71 to $120, you will find smaller independent contractors offering straightforward diagnostic visits during regular business hours. Larger companies with 24/7 dispatch, branded service vehicles, and extended warranties typically charge $150 to $238. As with most markets, the diagnostic fee is usually credited toward the repair if you proceed with the recommended work.

One important distinction in Minneapolis: many HVAC companies are also licensed plumbers, since hydronic heating systems (boilers and radiators) straddle both trades. If you have a boiler system, make sure the company you call is qualified to work on your specific equipment type. Calling a forced-air specialist for a boiler problem wastes both your time and the diagnostic fee.

Furnace Repair Costs

Furnace repair is the single largest category of HVAC spending in Minneapolis. Repair costs range from $95 to $1,425, depending on the component that has failed and the complexity of the work. Because Minneapolis furnaces run 5 to 7 months per year and often operate for 12 to 18 hours per day during cold snaps, components wear out faster than in milder climates.

Common Minneapolis Furnace Repair Costs

Furnace Repair Type Minneapolis Cost Range Notes
Ignitor replacement$95 - $285Most common no-heat call
Flame sensor cleaning/replacement$95 - $190Quick fix, common in older furnaces
Blower motor replacement$285 - $713Variable-speed motors cost more
Draft inducer motor$238 - $570Critical for venting in high-efficiency units
Gas valve replacement$238 - $665Safety-critical component
Circuit board replacement$190 - $570Controls system operations
Heat exchanger replacement$713 - $1,425Major repair, often warrants replacement
Inducer motor and pressure switch$190 - $475Common pair failure in cold weather

Heat exchanger failures deserve special attention in Minneapolis. A cracked heat exchanger can leak carbon monoxide into the home, making it a safety-critical issue. Because Minneapolis furnaces run so many hours per year, heat exchangers experience more thermal cycling than those in milder climates, which accelerates metal fatigue. When a heat exchanger fails on a furnace that is 15 years or older, replacing the entire furnace is almost always more cost-effective than the repair alone. For a comprehensive look at furnace repair pricing, see the furnace repair cost guide.

Pressure switches and inducer motors are another common failure point in Minneapolis, particularly on high-efficiency condensing furnaces. These components manage the venting of combustion gases, and when they fail, the furnace shuts down as a safety precaution. Cold outdoor temperatures can also cause condensate lines to freeze on high-efficiency furnaces, preventing the system from operating until the line is thawed.

Need a furnace repair estimate in Minneapolis?

(844) 833-1846

No obligation, get a quick estimate

Boiler Repair and Replacement

Boilers are more common in Minneapolis than in most U.S. cities. Many older homes in neighborhoods like Uptown, Linden Hills, Lynnhurst, and Northeast Minneapolis were built with hot water or steam radiator systems that are still in use today. Boiler systems offer even, comfortable heat and excellent longevity, but they require specialized service and carry different cost structures than forced-air furnaces.

Minneapolis Boiler Costs

Boiler Service Minneapolis Cost Range
Boiler tune-up/maintenance$143 - $285
Circulator pump replacement$285 - $713
Expansion tank replacement$190 - $475
Zone valve replacement$190 - $428
Boiler installation (gas, standard)$3,800 - $7,600
Boiler installation (gas, high-efficiency)$5,700 - $11,400
Radiator repair or replacement$190 - $950

Boiler installations cost more than furnace installations, reflecting the greater complexity of hydronic systems. A standard gas boiler costs $3,800 to $7,600 installed, while a high-efficiency condensing boiler runs $5,700 to $11,400. The higher upfront cost of a condensing boiler is often justified in Minneapolis because the extended heating season means more months of energy savings. A condensing boiler operating at 95% AFUE saves roughly 15% on fuel costs compared to a standard 80% AFUE boiler, which translates to $300 to $600 per year in Minneapolis.

For homeowners with older steam or hot water systems considering a switch to forced air, the conversion involves not just the heating equipment but also installing an entire duct system throughout the home. This typically adds $5,000 to $12,000 on top of the furnace cost. In most cases, replacing the boiler with a newer, more efficient boiler is the better financial decision.

AC Repair Costs

AC repair in Minneapolis runs $143 to $2,850. While Minneapolis is primarily a heating market, the cooling season from June through August brings humid conditions and temperatures that regularly reach the 80s and 90s. Most Minneapolis homes built or renovated after 1970 have central air conditioning, and even many older homes have had AC retrofitted.

Common Minneapolis AC Repair Costs

AC Repair Type Minneapolis Cost Range Notes
Capacitor replacement$143 - $333Common summer failure
Contactor replacement$143 - $380Electrical component
Fan motor replacement$238 - $713Condenser or blower
Refrigerant recharge$190 - $570Check for leaks first
Evaporator coil replacement$713 - $1,900Labor-intensive
Compressor replacement$1,188 - $2,850Often better to replace the unit

Because the cooling season in Minneapolis is relatively short (roughly 3 months of regular use), AC systems tend to last longer here than in southern markets. A well-maintained central AC unit in Minneapolis can last 18 to 22 years, compared to 10 to 15 years in Dallas or Phoenix. However, the long idle period during winter means homeowners should run the system briefly in late spring to identify any issues before the heat arrives. For more detail on AC repair costs and when repair versus replacement makes sense, see the AC repair cost guide.

Installation and Replacement Costs

HVAC installation in Minneapolis reflects Midwest pricing, which runs about 5% below the national average for most equipment categories. However, the emphasis on heating means Minneapolis homeowners tend to invest more heavily in furnace quality and efficiency than homeowners in warmer markets, which can push total project costs higher.

Minneapolis HVAC Installation Costs

Installation Type Minneapolis Cost Range National Average
Gas furnace (80% AFUE)$2,850 - $4,750$3,000 - $5,000
Gas furnace (95%+ AFUE)$3,800 - $6,175$4,000 - $6,500
Central AC installation$3,325 - $7,125$3,500 - $7,500
Heat pump (standard)$3,800 - $7,600$4,000 - $8,000
Cold-climate heat pump$5,225 - $9,500$5,500 - $10,000
Full system (furnace + AC)$6,650 - $14,250$7,000 - $15,000
Boiler (standard efficiency)$3,800 - $7,600$4,000 - $8,000
Boiler (high-efficiency)$5,700 - $11,400$6,000 - $12,000

For furnace installation specifically, Minneapolis homeowners should seriously consider 95% AFUE or higher efficiency. The cost premium over an 80% AFUE furnace is typically $950 to $1,425, but the energy savings during a 6 to 7 month heating season can reach $400 to $700 per year. This means the higher-efficiency furnace often pays for itself in just 2 to 3 years. The furnace installation cost guide covers efficiency ratings, sizing, and brand comparisons in greater detail.

When replacing both a furnace and AC simultaneously, most contractors offer package pricing that saves 5% to 10% compared to replacing them separately. Since both systems share the blower motor and often the thermostat and ductwork, coordinating the replacement ensures optimal compatibility and efficiency.

Furnace Efficiency Ratings

Furnace efficiency is measured by AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency), which indicates what percentage of fuel is converted to usable heat. In Minneapolis, where a furnace may consume $1,200 to $2,500 in natural gas per heating season, the difference between efficiency levels translates directly into meaningful dollar savings.

Furnace Efficiency Impact on Minneapolis Heating Costs

AFUE Rating Estimated Annual Gas Cost Annual Savings vs. 80% AFUE Equipment Premium
80% AFUE (standard)$1,800 - $2,500BaselineBaseline
92% AFUE (mid-range)$1,550 - $2,175$250 - $325$500 - $800 more
95% AFUE (high-efficiency)$1,500 - $2,100$300 - $400$800 - $1,200 more
97%+ AFUE (ultra-high)$1,450 - $2,050$350 - $450$1,200 - $1,800 more

The jump from 80% to 95% AFUE represents the biggest improvement per dollar spent. An 80% AFUE furnace sends 20 cents of every fuel dollar up the exhaust flue as waste heat, while a 95% AFUE furnace wastes only 5 cents. Over a 20-year furnace lifespan in Minneapolis, this efficiency difference adds up to $6,000 to $8,000 in cumulative energy savings.

High-efficiency furnaces (90% AFUE and above) are condensing furnaces that extract additional heat from exhaust gases by condensing water vapor. They require a condensate drain line, which must be protected from freezing in Minneapolis. Routing the drain to an interior floor drain or using a condensate pump with heat tape on exterior sections prevents wintertime freeze-ups that can shut down the furnace.

Two-stage and modulating furnaces, which are available at 95% AFUE and above, offer additional comfort benefits in the Minneapolis climate. Rather than blasting at full capacity and then shutting off, these furnaces adjust their output to match the heating demand. On a mild 30-degree day, they run at low fire, providing steady, even heat. On a minus 15 degree night, they ramp up to full capacity. This modulation reduces temperature swings, decreases noise, and improves overall efficiency.

Cold-Climate Heat Pumps

The viability of heat pumps in Minneapolis has changed dramatically in recent years. Modern cold-climate heat pumps with inverter-driven compressors can operate efficiently down to minus 15 degrees Fahrenheit and continue producing heat (at reduced capacity) as low as minus 22 degrees. This technology has made heat pumps a realistic option for Twin Cities homeowners, though the approach differs from how heat pumps are used in milder climates.

Cold-climate heat pump installation in Minneapolis costs $5,225 to $9,500, roughly 35% to 40% more than a standard air-source heat pump. The premium reflects the specialized compressor technology, enhanced defrost controls, and larger coils needed for extreme cold operation. Despite the higher cost, the combination of energy savings and available incentives can make cold-climate heat pumps financially competitive with traditional gas heating.

Cold-Climate Heat Pump Performance in Minneapolis

Outdoor Temperature Heat Pump Efficiency (COP) Compared to Gas Furnace
40 to 50 degrees F3.5 - 4.0 COP250% - 300% more efficient per BTU
20 to 30 degrees F2.5 - 3.0 COP150% - 200% more efficient per BTU
0 to 10 degrees F1.8 - 2.3 COPRoughly comparable cost per BTU
Minus 10 to 0 degrees F1.3 - 1.8 COPSlightly more expensive per BTU
Below minus 15 degrees F1.0 - 1.3 COPGas furnace is more economical

The most practical configuration for Minneapolis is a dual-fuel system: a cold-climate heat pump paired with an existing gas furnace. The heat pump handles heating when outdoor temperatures are above 5 to 15 degrees (the switchover point is programmable), and the gas furnace takes over during the coldest periods. This approach captures the heat pump's efficiency advantage during the majority of winter hours while maintaining the gas furnace's ability to handle extreme cold reliably and economically.

Incentives make the math more favorable. Xcel Energy offers rebates of $500 to $1,500 for cold-climate heat pump installations, and the federal tax credit provides up to $2,000. Combined, these incentives can cover 25% to 40% of the installed cost of a cold-climate heat pump. For a broader overview of heat pump costs across different climates and configurations, see the heat pump cost guide.

Considering a cold-climate heat pump for your Minneapolis home?

(844) 833-1846

Local professionals in your area

Ductwork Costs

Ductwork services in Minneapolis cost $190 to $5,700. Unlike in southern markets where ductwork often runs through hot attics, Minneapolis ductwork typically runs through basements, crawl spaces, and interior walls. This is generally better for efficiency since basements maintain temperatures of 55 to 65 degrees year-round, but it can make access more difficult for repairs and modifications.

Minneapolis Ductwork Cost Breakdown

Ductwork Service Minneapolis Cost Range
Duct sealing$190 - $570
Duct insulation$475 - $1,900
Partial duct replacement$950 - $2,850
Full duct replacement$2,850 - $5,700
Duct cleaning$285 - $570
Adding duct runs for new rooms$475 - $1,425 per run

Many older Minneapolis homes were built with oversized ductwork designed for gravity furnaces (the large octopus furnaces common before forced-air systems). When these homes were converted to forced-air heating, the existing ductwork was often partially adapted rather than fully replaced. This can lead to airflow imbalances, with some rooms getting too much heat and others not enough. A duct modification to properly balance the system typically costs $475 to $1,425 and can dramatically improve comfort. For additional ductwork pricing and guidance, see the ductwork cost guide.

Maintenance Costs and Schedules

HVAC maintenance in Minneapolis costs $71 to $190 per visit, or $143 to $380 per year for twice-annual service. Given the critical role that heating plays in Minneapolis, fall furnace maintenance is arguably the single most important HVAC appointment of the year. A furnace that fails during a minus 20 degree cold snap is not just uncomfortable; it can lead to frozen pipes and thousands of dollars in water damage within hours.

Minneapolis HVAC Maintenance Calendar

Season Service Cost Key Tasks
September - OctoberHeating tune-up$71 - $190Heat exchanger inspection, burner cleaning, CO test
April - MayCooling tune-up$71 - $190Refrigerant check, coil cleaning, electrical test
Monthly (heating season)Filter replacement$5 - $30Critical during high-use months
As neededHumidifier maintenance$95 - $190Pad replacement, water panel cleaning

A fall furnace tune-up in Minneapolis should include a thorough heat exchanger inspection (checking for cracks that could leak carbon monoxide), cleaning and adjusting the burner assembly, testing the ignition system, verifying the safety controls, checking the flue for obstructions, and testing carbon monoxide levels at the supply registers. The heat exchanger inspection is especially important for furnaces over 10 years old.

Whole-house humidifiers are common in Minneapolis homes because winter air is extremely dry. Indoor humidity can drop below 20% without supplemental humidification, causing dry skin, static electricity, wood floor damage, and increased susceptibility to respiratory illness. Humidifier maintenance, including annual pad or water panel replacement, costs $95 to $190 and should be done before each heating season. For more on maintenance plan options and value, see the HVAC maintenance cost guide.

Emergency Heating Service

Emergency HVAC service in Minneapolis costs $143 to $333 for the diagnostic visit, with repair costs on top. In a city where winter temperatures can remain below zero for days or even weeks at a stretch, a heating system failure is categorically different from the same event in a milder climate. Pipes can begin freezing within 4 to 6 hours in an unheated Minneapolis home during extreme cold, and burst pipes can cause $10,000 to $50,000 or more in water damage.

During polar vortex events, the demand for emergency heating service overwhelms the available workforce. Every HVAC company in the Twin Cities is running at maximum capacity, and wait times of 24 to 72 hours are common. Homeowners with maintenance plans typically receive priority scheduling, which can cut that wait to 4 to 12 hours. Those without a relationship with a contractor may find themselves calling company after company, only to be told no technicians are available.

If your furnace fails during extreme cold and you cannot get immediate service, take these steps: close off rooms you are not using to concentrate heat in a smaller area, use space heaters safely (never leave unattended, keep away from combustibles), open cabinet doors under sinks to prevent pipe freezing, and keep at least one faucet dripping slowly. If indoor temperatures drop below 50 degrees and you cannot restore heat, consider leaving the home temporarily and draining the water system to prevent pipe damage.

Minneapolis homeowners should also ensure they have working carbon monoxide detectors on every level of the home, especially near sleeping areas. Furnace malfunctions and improper use of backup heating sources (portable heaters, gas ovens, generators) cause carbon monoxide incidents every winter in the Twin Cities. Minnesota law requires CO detectors in all homes. For more on emergency HVAC situations and what they cost, see the emergency HVAC cost guide.

Xcel and CenterPoint Rebates

Minneapolis homeowners have access to robust utility rebate programs that can significantly reduce the net cost of HVAC upgrades. Both Xcel Energy (electricity) and CenterPoint Energy (natural gas) offer rebates for high-efficiency heating and cooling equipment.

Available HVAC Incentives for Minneapolis Homeowners (2026)

Program Incentive Amount Eligible Equipment
Xcel Energy rebate$500 - $1,500Cold-climate heat pumps
Xcel Energy rebate$200 - $400High-efficiency central AC (16+ SEER)
Xcel Energy smart thermostat$50 - $100Qualifying smart thermostats
CenterPoint Energy rebate$300 - $1,000High-efficiency gas furnace (95%+ AFUE)
CenterPoint Energy rebate$300 - $800High-efficiency gas boiler
Federal energy efficiency tax creditUp to $2,000Heat pumps meeting CEE Tier requirements
Federal tax credit (other equipment)Up to $600High-efficiency furnaces, boilers, AC
IRA high-efficiency home rebateUp to $8,000Income-qualified heat pump installations

The stacking potential is significant. A Minneapolis homeowner installing a cold-climate heat pump could receive a $1,000 Xcel Energy rebate plus a $2,000 federal tax credit, reducing the effective cost of a $7,000 installation to $4,000. Adding a high-efficiency gas furnace as the backup in a dual-fuel configuration could qualify for an additional $500 to $1,000 in CenterPoint rebates and a $600 federal credit.

Minnesota also participates in the IRA's income-qualified rebate program, which provides point-of-sale discounts of up to $8,000 for heat pump installations for households earning less than 150% of the area median income. For the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area, this program is administered through the Minnesota Department of Commerce. Check the department's website or call your utility for current eligibility thresholds and application procedures.

Winterizing Your HVAC System

Preparing your HVAC system for a Minneapolis winter involves more steps than in milder climates. A thorough winterization in October or early November can prevent mid-winter failures and protect your home from cold-weather damage.

Schedule a furnace tune-up. This is the most important step. A professional inspection that includes a heat exchanger check, burner cleaning, and safety control test costs $71 to $190 and catches problems before they leave you without heat on the coldest night of the year.

Replace the furnace filter. Start the heating season with a fresh filter and plan to replace it every 4 to 6 weeks during heavy-use months. A clogged filter restricts airflow, reduces efficiency, and can cause the furnace to overheat and shut down.

Protect the outdoor AC unit. Cover the top of the outdoor condenser unit with a manufacturer-approved cover or a piece of plywood weighted down with a brick. Do not wrap the entire unit in a tarp, as this traps moisture and promotes corrosion. The goal is simply to keep ice, heavy snow, and falling debris off the top of the unit.

Check the humidifier. If you have a whole-house humidifier, replace the water panel or evaporator pad and verify that the water supply valve is open and flowing properly. Set the humidistat to maintain 30% to 40% relative humidity, adjusting downward during the coldest periods to prevent window condensation.

Insulate exposed ductwork. Any ductwork running through unheated spaces like garages, crawl spaces, or unfinished attic areas should be insulated to at least R-8. In Minneapolis, uninsulated ducts in these areas can lose significant heat and may even develop condensation that leads to mold growth.

Clear the furnace exhaust vent. High-efficiency furnaces vent through PVC pipes that exit through a side wall. Check that the vent termination is clear of debris, bird nests, or anything that could cause a blockage. During and after heavy snowfalls, verify that snow has not drifted over the vent opening, which can cause the furnace to shut down on a safety fault.

Test the backup heating source. If you have a fireplace, wood stove, or portable space heaters for backup heat, test them before you need them. Ensure the chimney has been inspected if using a wood-burning appliance, and verify that space heaters are in good working order with no damaged cords or elements.

Ready for a professional opinion?

(844) 833-1846

Get matched with a local HVAC technician

How to Save on HVAC in Minneapolis

Minneapolis homeowners can reduce HVAC costs through a combination of smart purchasing decisions, efficiency investments, and strategic timing.

Prioritize furnace efficiency. In a market where heating accounts for 70% or more of HVAC costs, furnace efficiency is the single biggest lever for reducing long-term spending. Upgrading from 80% to 95% AFUE saves $300 to $400 per year, which adds up to $6,000 to $8,000 over the life of the furnace.

Explore dual-fuel heat pump systems. A cold-climate heat pump paired with a gas furnace captures high-efficiency electric heating for the majority of winter hours while maintaining gas backup for extreme cold. Combined with utility rebates and federal tax credits, the net cost premium over a furnace-only system can be modest while the energy savings are substantial.

Stack utility and federal incentives. Minneapolis homeowners have access to some of the most generous HVAC incentives in the country. Xcel, CenterPoint, and federal programs can be combined to reduce the cost of a major upgrade by $2,000 to $4,000 or more. Always ask your contractor about available rebates and verify current offerings on your utility's website before committing to a purchase.

Schedule installations in spring or summer. The best time to replace a furnace in Minneapolis is April through August, when heating contractors have open schedules and are more likely to offer competitive pricing. Waiting until November, when furnace failures spike and every contractor is booked, means higher prices and longer waits.

Seal air leaks. Minneapolis's extreme temperature differential between indoors and outdoors means that air leaks are exceptionally costly. Sealing gaps around windows, doors, electrical outlets, and plumbing penetrations with caulk and weatherstripping costs $100 to $500 in materials and can reduce heating costs by 10% to 20%. Professional air sealing, including blower door testing, runs $500 to $1,500.

Upgrade attic insulation. Many Minneapolis homes, especially those built before 1980, have inadequate attic insulation. Upgrading to R-49 (recommended for Climate Zone 6, which includes Minneapolis) costs $1,500 to $4,000 and typically reduces heating costs by 15% to 25%. This is often the highest-return home improvement available to Minneapolis homeowners.

Use a setback thermostat strategy. Lowering the thermostat by 5 to 8 degrees during sleeping hours and when the house is empty can save 10% to 15% on heating costs annually. A smart thermostat ($125 to $350 installed) automates this process and can learn your household patterns. Xcel Energy offers rebates on qualifying smart thermostats.

Frequently Asked Questions

How much does an HVAC service call cost in Minneapolis?

An HVAC service call in Minneapolis typically costs $71 to $238. Pricing is close to the national average, though heating-related calls during winter may carry a premium. Most contractors credit the diagnostic fee toward the repair.

How much does furnace installation cost in Minneapolis?

Furnace installation in Minneapolis costs $2,850 to $6,175 for a gas furnace, with high-efficiency models (96%+ AFUE) at the upper end. Minneapolis homeowners should strongly consider 95% AFUE or higher, as the 6 to 7 month heating season makes the energy savings substantial.

Do cold-climate heat pumps work in Minneapolis?

Modern cold-climate heat pumps with inverter technology operate efficiently down to minus 15 degrees Fahrenheit. They work best in a dual-fuel configuration paired with a gas furnace backup, handling primary heating for roughly 80% to 90% of Minneapolis winter days.

How much does emergency heating repair cost in Minneapolis?

Emergency heating service costs $143 to $333 for the diagnostic visit, with repair costs on top. During polar vortex events, wait times can stretch to 24 to 72 hours. A maintenance plan with priority scheduling is strongly recommended for Minneapolis homeowners.

Does Xcel Energy offer HVAC rebates in Minneapolis?

Xcel Energy offers $500 to $1,500 for cold-climate heat pumps, $200 to $400 for high-efficiency AC, and $50 to $100 for smart thermostats. CenterPoint Energy offers $300 to $1,000 for high-efficiency gas furnaces and $300 to $800 for high-efficiency boilers.

Should I choose a furnace or boiler in Minneapolis?

Both are common and effective in Minneapolis. Furnaces use ductwork while boilers use radiators or in-floor radiant heat. If your home already has one type, replacing with the same type is usually the most cost-effective approach since converting between systems requires significant additional work.

Related Local Guides

H
Written by the HVAC Pricing Guide Team

The HVAC Pricing Guide team researches heating and cooling costs across the United States, collecting data from industry surveys, contractor interviews, and thousands of real service quotes. Every guide is independently researched to help homeowners make informed decisions and avoid overpaying.

Get an HVAC estimate

(844) 833-1846Get an estimate

No obligation. Local professionals in your area.

Call (844) 833-1846